Objective: To investigate the detection and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in ICU Patients of a hospital so as to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of KP infection. Methods: A total of 209 strains of KP isolated from ICU patients in a hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. Drug sensitivity test and the phenotype screening and confirmation test of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) were performed to analyze the source distribution and drug resistance rate of KP specimens. Results: A total of 209 strains of KP were isolated from the patients' specimens, mainly 148 strains (70.81%) isolated from sputum, followed by 23 strains(11.00%) from blood, 17 strains(8.13%) from pus and 11 strains(5.26%) from urine. A total of 155 strains of ESBLs-producing KP were detected in the patients' specimen, and the detection rate was 74.16%(155/209). The drug resistance rates to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefepime were higher, and the drug resistance rate to imipenem was the lowest. The drug resistance rate of ESBLs-producing KP was higher than that of non-ESBLs-producing KP, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: KP infection in ICU patients is mainly isolated from sputum specimens, and drug resistance phenotypes of KP are diverse and the drug resistance rate is high. Clinical monitoring of bacterial drug resistance rate should be strengthened, and antibacterials should be used rationally to control hospital infection.