KANGGANRAN YAOXUE

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  • 2019 Volume 16 Issue 4
    Published: 25 April 2019
      
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  • Research Advances on Pharmacological Action of Matrine-type Alkaloids in Patients with Granulocytic and Monocytic Leukemia
    ZHANG Ming-fa, SHEN Ya-qin
    2019, 16(4): 559-563. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-001
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    Matrine-type alkaloids inhibit proliferation, and induce differentiation and apoptosis in erythroleukemia K562 cells, TF-1 cells, acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, NB4 cells, acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells, leukemia stem cell KG1a cells, chronic granulocytic leukemia cells, and radiation-induced aberrant cells in bone marrow. The effects are interrelated with down-regulation of the expressions of proto-oncogene c-myc, β-catenin, survivin, and telomerase activity as well as up-regulation of caspase activity and the expressions of differentiation antigen CD11b, CD15 on surface in leukemia cells. Matrine-type alkaloids up-regulate the expression of ligands of NKG2D on surface in leukemia cells to elevate susceptivity of leukemia cells to NK cells. The literatures about the pharmacological action of matrine alkaloids on granulocyte and monocytic leukemia have been reviewed, and the research progress is analyzed.
  • Experimental Study on Improvement Effects of Resveratrol in Inflam-matory Bowel Disease in Rats by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway*1
    GU Qiu-ping, XIE Jun-feng, LIU Jin-jin, TANG Jian-hua, LIU Xue
    2019, 16(4): 566-570. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-003
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    Objective: To study the improvement effects of Resveratrol in inflam-matory bowel disease in rats by activating AMPK signaling pathway in vitro. Methods: 48 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=12), model group (n=12), mesalazine group (n=12) and resveratrol group (n=12). In addition to the control group, all rats were treated with TNBS for modeling, while the control group was treated with ethanol solution of the same volume. After the success of the modeling, the salad oxazine group rats are given the salad oxazine 2 g/(kg·d) to fill the stomach, resveratrol group rats given 100 mg/(kg·d) to fill the stomach, the normal group and model group rats given distilled water 100 mg/(kg·d) to fill the stomach; observing between groups of rats during the period of feeding body quality, traits and stool occult blood; based on the disease activity and comparing each group rats (DAI) rating scale differences; and in rats of groups its fasting venous blood was taken from the 7 d by ELISA method to detect the rat serum PGE2, NO, IL-1β. TNF-α levels were detected, and the colons of rats were sacrificed and the changes of SIRT1, AMPK and NF-кB p65 protein levels in the intestinal mucosa were detected by Western Blotting. Results: DAI scores of the model group, mesalazine group and resveratrol group were all higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). DAI scores of mesalazine group and resveratrol group were significantly lower than those of model group (P<0.05). DAI score of the resveratrol group was lower than that of the mesalazine group (P<0.05). Model group, the salad lamictal and resveratrol group rats PGE2, NO, IL-1β, TNF-α level measured value is higher than the control group (P<0.05). And the salad lamictal and resveratrol group rats PGE2, NO, IL-1β, TNF-α level measured values were significantly lower than those of model group (P<0.05). Resveratrol group of PGE2 in rats, NO, IL-1β, TNF-α level measured values are lower than the salad oxazine group (P<0.05). The SIRT1 and AMPK levels in the intestinal mucosa of the model group, mesalazine group and resveratrol group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the NF-кB p65 protein levels were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The SIRT1 and AMPK levels in the mesalazine and resveratrol groups were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05), and the NF-кB p65 protein levels were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05).The SIRT1 and AMPK of the resveratrol group were significantly higher than that of the mesalazine group, and the NF-кB p65 protein was lower than that of the mesalazine group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resveratrol can improve inflammatory bowel disease and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors. The mechanism may be related with the fact that resveratrol activates SIRT1, increases AMPK and inhibits NF-кB p65 protein.
  • Study on Control Effect of Different Curing Environments on Moisture Content of Husked Sorghum*1
    WEI Hai-ying, ZHUANG Hua, SANG Mei, QIAN Fang
    2019, 16(4): 570-573. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-004
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    Objective: To study the moisture content and storage time of Husked Sorghum in different curing environments, and to provide a references for purchase and maintenance of Husked Sorghum. Methods: Water content is monitored when the Husked Sorghum is put into storage for different procurements batches, and the ratio of water content after storage and curing is taken as the monitoring pair ratio. And the purchasing Husked Sorghum for different months were stored in room temperature, shade storage, refrigerator and other curing conditions, and the difference of water content of Husked Sorghum in different time periods (between January and December) were monitored and compared. Results: Refrigeration is an effective condition for the control of water in Husked sorghum, while, the water content of meters increases fastest under the shadowing condition. The change rates of water content in Husked sorghum were highest in the July and August. Conclusion: Considering the comprehensive cost and storage quality, room temperature is the optimal storage condition for Husked sorghum. The moisture content should be strictly controlled when the Husked sorghum is directly kept in the storehouse. Especially in July and August, the moisture content should be controled not more than 11.5%.
  • Evaluation on Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Linezolid in Patients with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis*1
    LI Rong-zhen, ZHAO Zhi-hui
    2019, 16(4): 577-580. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-006
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    Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods: Data of 68 cases of MDR-TB patients diagnosed and treated from January 2016 to June 2017 were selected. Based on different treatment methods, they were divided into 35 cases in the treatment group and 33 cases in the control group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with linezolid, moxifloxacin, capreomycin, pyrazinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid in the first 6 months, followed by moxifloxacin, capreomycin, pyrazinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid in the consolidation phase in the second 6 months.Patients in the control group were given the same drugs as those in the treatment group except that the drug did not contain linezolid, and the treatment duration was all 12 months. 33 patients in the treatment group completed the full course of treatment, while 30 patients in the control group completed the full course of treatment. The sputum negative conversion rate, focal absorption rate, cavity improvement rate and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: After 12 months of treatment, sputum negative conversion rate, lesion absorption rate and cavity improvement rate in the treatment group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups during the treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of linezolid in the treatment of MDR-TB patients effectively promoted the sputum turning negative, the absorption of lesions, the improvement of cavities and the closure of cavities, with high safety.
  • Comparison on Distribution of Pathogens and Resistance of Nosoco-mial Infections in Different Groups of In-patients:Adults and Children
    ZHAO Mei-ying, XIN Xu-li
    2019, 16(4): 581-584. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-007
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    Objective: To compare and analyze the distribution of nosocomial pathogens and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics in in-patients of different groups (adults and children),and to provide a reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods: Data of 152 cases of adult and child inpatients admitted from June 2017 to June 2018 were extracted, including 100 cases in the adult group and 52 cases in the child group. The microorganism culture results of the blood samples of the patients were analyzed, and the distribution of the pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection and their resistance to common antibiotics were analyzed. Results: 134 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 100 patients in the adult group, and 63 strains were isolated from 52 patients in the child group. The detection rate of Gram-negative bacilli in children group was significantly lower than that in adult group (P<0.05), while that of Gram-positive cocci was significantly higher than that in adult group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus in the two groups of patients was highly resistant to penicillin, especially in the adult group as high as 100.00%, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus was also highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and benzocillin. Conclusion: There is a certain difference in the distribution of nosocomial infection pathogens between child and adult inpatients. Therefore, antimicrobial therapy should be reasonably selected according to the results of drug sensitivity test to improve the clinical efficacy and to ensure the rationality and safety of drug use.
  • Optimization of Antibiotic Drug Regimens to Patients with Renal Dysfun-ction Based on Endogenous CLcr and Commenting on Its Rationality
    ZHENG Chun-mao, WANG An-fa
    2019, 16(4): 584-590. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-008
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    Objective: To optimize the antibiotic drug regimens to patients with renal dysfun-ction based on endogenous creatinine clearance (CLcr) and to comment on its rationality. Methods: Rationality and optimizability of the antimicrobial regimens in a medical record were disscussed via the renal function based on CLcr. The original regimens which were considered to be optimized were adjusted via the renal function based on CLcr, When these adjusted regimens achieved the preset threshold of the PK/PD target index which was used to predict the efficacy of regimens, they were considered to be feasible. Results: In the elected medical record, it was found that the dosage of the original regimens was too high or the interval of administration was too short , which indicated that the original regimens could be optimized. The optimized regimens, obtained by adjustment on the original regimens via the renal function based on CLcr and according to the preset threshold of the PK/PD target index, were theoretically not only effective but also more secure. Conclusion: Based on the renal function status reflected by CLcr, the optimization and commenting of antimicrobial drug administration plan and its rationality are helpful for the development of safe, effective and reasonable individualized treatment plan for patients with renal insufficiency complicated with infection; it can serve as the theoretical guidance in clinical practice.
  • Analysis on Distribution and Drug Resistance of Clinical Pathogens of Neonatal Septicemia and Its Treatment Strategies
    WANG Guang-yong, CHEN Yong-gang, ZHOU Bin, SHANG Zhen-hai
    2019, 16(4): 590-594. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-009
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    Objective: To analyze the distribution of clinical pathogenic bacteria of neonatal septicemia and their antimicrobial resistance as well as treatment strategies, and to provide a reference for the selection of drugs for initial empirical treatment. Methods: Clinical data of 81 neonatal septicemia patients admitted to the neonatal ICU from January 2015 to October 2018 were extracted, and blood bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results were analyzed. Results: 81 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 81 cases of neonatal septicemia, among which 12 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 14.81% and 69 strains of Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 85.19%. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin but highly sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and piperacilin-tazobactam. Gram-positive bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, with a sensitivity of 100.00% to vancomycin and linezolid, and significant resistance to penicillin and erythromycin.Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 29.63% of 61 strains of delayed neonatal septicemia. Conclusion: The main pathogenic bacteria detected in delayed neonatal septicemia patients were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Efficiency Analysis on Quality Control Circle Activities in Reducing Dispensing Errors in PIVAS of Hospitals
    HUANG Chun-yan, LI Yi
    2019, 16(4): 595-599. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-010
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    Objective: To analyze the efficiency of Quality Control Circle (QCC) activities in reducing dispensing errors of pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) in hospitals and to provide a reference for ensuring the medication safety of patients. Methods: Using QCC technique to collect and analyze the types and causes of errors in data. Through a series of activity steps, such as Plan(P), Doing(D), Check(C) and Action(A), the difference of dispensing error data before and after the activity were compared, and the magnitude of the improvement after the activity was calculated. Results: Through the development of QCC activities, the dispensing error was reduced from the original 63 cases/month to 27 cases/month; the target achievement rate was 133.33%, which improved the problem solving ability and sense of responsibility of each circle member and improved the PIVAS operating procedures. Conclusion: By carrying out QCC activities, standardized operating procedures have been formed, which can reduce dispensing errors, so the work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical service are improved.
  • Comment Analysis on Reasons for Unreasonable Doctor's Advice of Anti-tumor Drugs and Their Adjuvant Drugs
    MIAO Xu, QIAO Chen, XU Yao
    2019, 16(4): 600-602. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-011
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    Objective: To analyze the medication reasons of irrational doctor's advice in in-patients with tumor, and to provide a reference for rational medication for patients with tumor. Methods: 240 cases of in-patients with tumor treated from April 2017 to March 2018 were selected, and the causes of unreasonable doctor's advice were reviewed. Results: Among 240 patients with medication orders, 33 patients with unreasonable doctor's advice accounted for 13.75%. Conclusion: The comments on special medical orders for anti-tumor drugs can improve the level of rational drug use in the clinical oncology department, and ensure the safety and rationality of drug use for patients.
  • Analysis on Distribution of Multi-drug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria in Children and Its Nursing Countermeasures*1
    WANG Ling-ling, SHEN Zhao-bo
    2019, 16(4): 624-626. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-020
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    Objective: To analyze the distribution, clinical characteristics of multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in children patients and its nursing countermeasures. Methods: Data of 16 children with MDRB infection admitted from June 2017 to December 2018 were selected to analyze the test results of multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the children, and the targeted treatment and nursing were adopted. Results: Among the 16 children with MDRB infection, Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in 7 cases (43.75%) was the highest, followed by Escherichia coli infection in 4 cases (25.00%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus infection in 2 cases (12.50%). One case each of MRSA, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection accounted for 6.25%, 6.25% and 6.25%, respectively. Major risk factors such as failure to isolate infected patients in time, incomplete disinfection treatment in the ward, untimely treatment of infection, and long hospitalization time are correlated with the occurrence of MDRB infection. After the implementation of nursing intervention, the family members' satisfaction with the treatment and care is up to 93.75%. Comclusion: In a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of MDRB pathogens and the occurrence of risk factors, the strengthening of targeted treatment and nursing intervention will improve the effectiveness of infection prevention and control.
  • Influence of Pharmaceutical Care on Improving Medication Compliance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
    YANG Sai-zhen, CHEN Jie, LIU Zhang, YU Ming-li
    2019, 16(4): 637-640. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-025
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    Objective: To explore the effect of pharmaceutical care before and after on the improvement of anti-HBV drug compliance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: Regular medication instruction and guidance for CHB patients, and participating in clinical doctors to improve the diagnosis and treatment program, and providing individual pharmaceutical care for patients; comparing the difference before and after the pharmaceutical care of the patients medication awareness, the viral load control, the medication compliance of CHB, and the demands for pharmaceutical care. Results: After 12 months of pharmaceutical care, the patients' awareness of anti-hepatitis B drugs, the demands for pharmaceutical care and the compliance with medication were significantly improved, and the viral load was effectively controlled. Conclusion: The participation of pharmaceutical care improves the awareness and compliance of CHB patients with anti-HBV drugs, and has a positive clinical significance in reducing the viral load (HBV-DNA).
  • Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions in 58 Patients of Drug-induced Liver Function Impairment and Its Countermeasures
    ZHU Xiao-lei, WU Jing
    2019, 16(4): 641-643. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-026
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    Objective: To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions in cases of drug-induced liver function impairment, and to provides a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of liver function damage. Methods: 58 cases of adverse reactions caused by drugs to liver function damage were reported from 2016 to 2018 by the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System. The gender, age, type of drugs, severity of adverse reactions and outcome of adverse reactions of the patients with adverse reactions were counted, and the occurrence characteristics of adverse reactions in drug-induced liver function impairment cases were analyzed. Results: During the 3-year period, 197 cases of adverse drug reactions were reported, including 58 cases of drug-induced liver function impairment (accounting for 29.44%). Of the 58 patients with drug-induced liver function impairment, 49 had severe symptoms (accounting for 84.48%). The incidence of antituberculosis drugs and antibacterial drugs was the highest, 36.11% and 16.67% respectively. All the 58 patients were cured. Conclusion: The incidence of drug-induced liver function impairment is relatively high in the reported adverse drug reaction reports, which should be attached great importance to clinically. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence and development of drug-induced liver function impairment, and effective treatment should be given in time.
  • Efficacy of Norepinephrine Combined with Anti-infective Drugs in Children with Sepsis and Its Influence on Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines
    TANG Can-quan, XIN Zhi-xiong
    2019, 16(4): 651-653. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2019.04-030
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    Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of norepinephrine combined with anti-infective drugs in children with sepsis and its influence on the level of inflammatory cytokines. Methods: Data of 70 cases of children with sepsis admitted from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected and divided into 35 cases in the control group and 35 cases in the treatment group based on different treatment methods. Patients in the control group were treated with ulinastatin in combination with anti-infective drugs, while patients in the treatment group were treated with norepinephrine in combination with anti-infective drugs. The total effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions after treatment were compared between the two groups, as well as the changes in TNF-α and PCT levels before and after treatment were also compared. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).TNF-α and PCT levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of norepinephrine combined with anti-infective drugs in the treatment of pediatric sepsis is better than the combined treatment of ulinastatin, and effectively improves the level of inflammatory factors in patients with high safety.