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  • 2021 Volume 18 Issue 10
    Published: 25 October 2021
      
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  • Research Progress in Clinical Pharmacological Effects of Matrine and Oxymatrine on Bone and Joint Diseases
    ZHANG Ming-fa, SHEN Ya-qin
    2021, 18(10): 1399-1404. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-001
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    Matrine and oxymatrine have effects of anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, and can inhibit proliferation and invasion of synovial fibroblasts and inflammation of articulation, and can prevent and treat for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Matrine and oxymatrine block macrophage and monocyte to differentiate to osteoclast, and do not block differentiation of osteoblast, and decrease bone loss induced by the imbalance between osteogenesis and bone absorption, and increase bone density, and can prevent and treat for osteoporosis and articular retrograde degeneration. Martine and oxymatrine have the effects of anti-tumors and analgesia, and in clinic both of them have been used to treat pain of bone cancer. This article reviews the research progress of matrine and oxymatrine in the clinical treatment of bone and joint diseases so as to provides reference for clinical treatment.
  • Research Advances on Warning Markers of Acute-on-Chronic Pre-Liver Failure
    LU Min-jia, LI Ming
    2021, 18(10): 1405-1411. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-002
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    China is an area with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and more than 70% of liver failure is ACLF (acute-on-chronic liver failure), ACLF patients' disease progression is rapid with high short-term mortality, and the treatment was difficult. The classification and diagnostic criteria of liver failure are still controversial in the world. However, if the risk of liver failure can be predicted and timely intervened before the occurrence of liver failure, the prognosis of liver failure can be effectively improved and the economic burden of patients can be reduced. Therefore, the concept of the early stage of liver failure is of great significance for further strengthening the early warning of liver failure. In order to improve the understanding of the early diagnosis of liver failure and provide reference for related researches, the authors reviewed the early warning indicators and prediction models of the risk of acute-on-chronic liver failure from various aspects of immune inflammation, oxidative stress, liver cell necrosis and regeneration.
  • Study on Determination and Methodology of Imperatorin in Qinglisai Nasal Irrigation*1
    LAN Wei, HU Yu-liang, ZENG Cong-yan
    2021, 18(10): 1412-1416. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-003
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    Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of imperatorin in Qinglisai nasal irrigation, and to investigate its quality standard and methodology. Methods: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to identify Paeoniae Radix Alba, Cichorii Herba, Houttuyniae Herba, Aconiti Radix Cocta and Scutellariae Radix. HPLC was used to determine the content of imperatorin and to investigate its methodology. Results: Thin TLC results of the test solutions made from Qinglisai nasal irrigation showed that the fluorescent spots were found in the same positions as the control solutions of Paeoniae Radix Alba, Cichorii Herba, Houttuyniae Herba, Aconiti Radix Cocta and Scutellariae Radix. There was a good linear relationship between imperatorin content and peak area response (A) in the range was between 6.80 and 100 μg/mL (r=0.999 7). The average recovery was 99.77% (n=6) and RSD was 1.78%. The average content of imperatorin was 8.220 μg/mL. Conclusion: TLC and HPLC are simple, sensitive and accurate, which could provide experimental basis for the quality control of Qinglisai nasal irrigation.
  • Determination of Dibutyl Hydroxy Toluene in Vitamin D3 Soft Capsules*1
    WANG Xiu-jie, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Gong-bao, FU Bao-hui
    2021, 18(10): 1417-1420. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-004
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    Objective: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of antioxidant dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) in vitamin D3 soft capsules and analyze its feasibility. Methods: The column was Diamonsil C18 column (5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm), and the BHT control substance and vitamin D3 soft capsule were determined. The precision, repeatability, recovery, stability test and the feasibility of reference solution, test solution and blank solution were studied at 35 ℃, 278 nm, 1.0 L/min and 5 μm. Results: The linear equation A=10 066.89 ρ–1 030.5 (r²=0.999 9), ρ and A in the concentration range was between 5.46 and 16.30 μg/mL; a good linear relationship, indicating that the precision, repeatability, recovery and stability test results are good, the determination of sample content meets the requirements. Conclusion: The established HPLC method has good accuracy and convenience, and can be used for the determination of BHT in vitamin D3 soft capsules.
  • Analysis of Correlation Between Drug-resistant Mutation in P-zone and Clinical Indicators in Patients with Hepatitis B in Suzhou Area*1
    LI Fang-hua, XU Ping, XU jun-chi, SONG Hua-feng
    2021, 18(10): 1421-1424. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-005
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    Objective: To study the drug-resistant mutations in P-zone in patients with hepatitis B in Suzhou area, and the correlation between drug resistance in P-zone and coagulation function and liver synthesis function, and to analyze the influence of different drug resistance mutations on clinical indicators. Methods: The detection data of drug resistance mutation in P-zone of 410 hepatitis B patients admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou from 2017 to 2019 were selected. The differences of coagulation function and liver synthesis function between non-mutant group and mutant group in P-zone were compared and analyzed. Results: In 410 patients with hepatitis B, 139 cases (33.90%) were found to have mutations in drug resistance in P-zone. The TOP 3 loci with high resistance rates were 22.30% at 204 M (ATG), 22.30% at 180 L(CTG)+204 M (ATG), 14.39% at 180 L(CTG)+202 S(AGT)+204 M (ATG). Meanwhile, the levels of APTT, PT and D-D of coagulation function in mutant group were significantly higher than those in non-mutant group (P<0.05), and the level of albumin of liver synthesis function was significantly lower than that in non-mutant group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The drug resistance mutation sites in P-zone of hepatitis B are 204 M(ATG), 180 L (CTG) and 181 A(GCT), and the mutations in these 3 drug resistance sites are often accompanied by mutations in other sites. At the same time, drug-resistant mutations in P-zone of hepatitis B have different degrees of influence on coagulation function and liver synthesis function.
  • Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients with Hospital-acquired and Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infection
    WEN Rui-ling, LIN Gui-hong, LI Xin-ying
    2021, 18(10): 1425-1431. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-006
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    Objective: To analyze the risk factors of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (HAUTI), and compare the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria between patients with HAUTI and patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Methods: The medical records of 408 patients with HAUTI and 2506 patients with CAUTI admitted to the Huizhou Fifth Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. Risk factors associated with HAUTI were analyzed,and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance characteristics of main pathogenic bacteria were compared and analyzed between HAUTI and CAUTI patients. Results: HAUTI was associated with gender,age, length of hospital stay,chronic underlying conditions,antibacterial usage,coma,and invasive procedures. 299 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the midstream urine of 408 HAUTI patients,while 1 393 strains were isolated from the midstream urine of CAUTI patients. Drug sensitivity results showed that the drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli in HAUTI patients to cefepime,cefazolin,cefotaxime and moxifloxacin was higher than that of CAUTI (P< 0.05),and there was no statistical significance in the comparison of drug resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs (P>0.05). The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to commonly used antibacterials were relatively high,but there was no statistical significance between two groups (ALL P>0.05). Conclusion: The drug resistance rates of HAUTI patients are higher than those of CAUTI,so it is necessary to strengthen the targeted surveillance and analysis of infection risk factors for HAUTI patients,and take appropriate prevention and control measures to effectively control HAUTI. Both HAUTI and CAUTI should be rationally treated with antibacterial agents based on the component characteristics of pathogens and drug sensitivity results,and empirical drug use should be avoided to reduce the generation of resistant strains and ensure their efficacy.
  • Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Fungi in 328 Pregnant Women with Vaginal Fungal Infection
    PANG Xiao-hui
    2021, 18(10): 1432-1435. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-007
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    Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic fungi in pregnant women with vaginal fungal infection. Methods: From September 2018 to September 2020, 328 pregnant women with vaginal fungal infection were selected as the research object in the Yiyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine to analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic fungi. Results: 328 different fungal strains were isolated from 328 pregnant women with vaginal fungal infection. Candida albicans was isolated from 254 patients (77.44%),Candida glossa was isolated from 39 patients (11.89%),Candida tropicalis was isolated from 11 patients (3.35%),Candida kronora was isolated from 8 patients (2.44%),and Candida albicans was isolated from 5 patients (1.52%). The drug sensitivity test showed that Candida albicans had higher drug resistance to 5-fluorocytosine (38.58%) and itraconazole (25.20%),and was more sensitive to ketoconazole and nystatin,while Candida glossum and other Candida had certain sensitivity to the antifungal drugs studied. Conclusion: Candida albicans is the main pathogenic fungi of vaginal fungal infection in pregnant women, and the isolated fungi have high drug resistance rate to antifungal drugs. Clinicians should comprehensively consider the medication safety of pregnant women and drug resistance of fungi, and rationally select antifungal drugs so as to achieve optimal therapeutic effect and minimize the impact on the fetus.
  • Analysis of Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in 320 Patients in a Hospital in 2020
    LI Shao-fen
    2021, 18(10): 1436-1440. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-008
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    Objective: To analyze the specimen source, department distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii infected. Methods: The medical records of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 320 hospitalized patients from January to December 2020 were selected to analyze the bacterial culture, isolation, identification and drug sensitivity test results of each specimen, as well as the source, distribution of specimens and the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii. Results: Among 320 Acinetobacter baumannii infected patients, 320 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated, 68.12% of which were mainly from sputum, followed by secretions (6.56%) and blood (5.62%). Drug sensitivity results showed that the drug resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to ceftazidime was up to 95.91%, the drug resistance rate to piperacillin was 88.96%, the drug resistance rate to ceftriaxone was 88.36%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii in sputum specimens was the highest, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii in pleural and abdominal fluid and secretions. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics in blood was the lowest. The drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to piperacillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin in sputum specimens were all higher than 90.00%. The effects of Acinetobacter baumannii on piperacillin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam in pleural and abdominal fluid samples were higher than 90.00%. The drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in secretions were all higher than 70.00%.Conclusion: In 2020, Acinetobacter baumannii is distributed in all clinical departments and patients of all ages, and has high drug resistance rates. Hospitals should regularly monitor the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria so as to guide the use of antibacterials in clinic and reduce the emergence of drug resistant strains.
  • Analysis of Reasons for Off-label Use of Levofloxacin Injection in Children with Severe Infection*1
    TAO Xing-ru, ZHAO Juan-juan, PEI Bao-fang, DUAN Yan-yan, LIU Xiao-ling
    2021, 18(10): 1440-1444. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-009
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    Objective: To analyze the reasons, efficacy and safety of off-label use of levofloxacin in children with severe infection (children under 18 years of age were not allowed). Methods: By retrospective analysis, medical records of 38 pediatric patients with severe infection treated with levofloxacin injection from January to December 2019 were selected to analyze the reasons, efficacy and safety of off-label medication. Results: In 38 children with severe infection, 16 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection had poor efficacy of macrolides or positive drug resistance gene, and the other 22 children had poor efficacy of the initial treatment regimen for bacterial infection, and the total effective rate was only 81.58%. There were no adverse drug reactions symptoms related to levofloxacin during administration. Conclusions: Levofloxacin injection has good efficacy in the treatment of severe infection in children, and is relatively safe for short-term use, but it belongs to off-label drug use. The advantages and disadvantages should be weighed clinically, and informed consent and pharmaceutical care of patients should be well done.
  • Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in 72 Patients with Sternal Osteomyelitis after Heart Surgery
    WU Yan, GUO Bing-bing, HUANG Bai-yan
    2021, 18(10): 1445-1448. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-010
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    Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in 72 patients with sternal osteomyelitis after heart surgery. Methods: The medical records of 72 patients with sternal osteomyelitis after heart surgery admitted to the Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from March 2018 to October 2020 were selected. The results of pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test of their blood samples were analyzed, and the distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance characteristics were analyzed. Results: 81 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the blood samples of 72 patients with sternal osteomyelitis after open-heart surgery, including 47 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (58.02%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and 34 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (41.98%, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Drug sensitivity results showed that Staphylococcus aureus had higher drug resistance to penicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin, but lower drug resistance to rifampicin and gentamicin. The drug resistance rate of Staphylococcus epidermis to penicillin, oxacillin and erythromycin was higher than that to rifampicin. The drug resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftriaxone and cefoperazone was higher, but the drug resistance rate to tobramycin and ceftazidime was lower. The drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was higher to ampicillin, but lower to cefoperazone and imipenem. Conclusion: After Thoracotomy surgery the patients with sternum osteomyelitis are mainly infected with Gram-positive bacteria, in which Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the main strains. Antibacterial drugs should be selected based on the drug sensitivity results in clinic to ensure the curative effect and prognosis of recovery.
  • Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in 94 Postoperative Patients with Hospital-acquired Infections in Department of Thoracic Surgery
    ZHOU Yan
    2021, 18(10): 1448-1451. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-011
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    Objective: To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in 94 postoperative patients with hospital-acquired infections in department of thoracic surgery. Methods: 94 patients who underwent thoracic surgery in the Gushi County People's Hospital from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected. Sputum and urine samples were collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test, and the distribution and drug resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Results: There were 46 cases of nosocomial infection in 94 patients after thoracic surgery, and the infection rate was 48.94%(48/96). 123 specimens were collected from patients with hospital infection after thoracic surgery, and 146 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 93 strains(63.70%) of Gram-negative bacteria, mostly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, and 48 strains (32.88%) of Gram-positive bacteria. Most of them were Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS), and 5 strains of fungi(3.42%).Main Gram-negative bacterium(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) resistant rate to piperacillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cefazolin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were high, and they showed low resistant rate to amikacin, imipenem, cefoperazone sulbactam sodium, meropenem, vancomycin and cefotaxime. The main Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and CNS showed high drug resistance to amoxicillin, clindamycin, penicillin G, amikacin and erythromycin, while showed low drug resistance to teicoplanin, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and fosfomycin. Conclusion: Pathogenic bacteria of postoperative nosocomial infection in thoracic surgery patients show multiple drug resistance, so it is necessary to timely understand the infection situation of patients and strengthen management, and select antibacterials strictly based on the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test, so as to reduce the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria resistance.
  • Evaluation Value of C-reactive Protein, Prealbumin and Their Ratio in Prognosis of Patients with Pneumoconiosis Complicated with Pulmonary Infection*1
    LIU Xiao-lin, ZHOU Mi, KONG Yu-lin, MIN Chun-yan
    2021, 18(10): 1452-1456. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-012
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    Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), prealbumin (PA) and CRP/PA in pneumoconiosis patients with pulmonary infection. Methods: 129 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary infection admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou from January 2010 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into death group (63 cases) and survival group (66 cases) based on death or survival conditions. Serum CRP and PA levels were detected and CRP/PA ratio was calculated. Patients' general information of the two groups, CRP and PA levels after admission, CRP and PA values of pneumoconiosis patients with different stages and mortality rate of patients with different CRP/PA values were compared. Results: The CRP value on the first day of admission in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (P<0.05), and the PA value on the first day was significantly lower than that in the survival group (P<0.05). In the death group, there were no significant difference in CRP, PA value on day 1 and day 7 (P>0.05). In the survival group, the PA value on the 7th day was significantly higher than that on the 1st day (P<0.05), and the CRP value on the 7th day was lower than that on the 1st day, but the differences were not statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean CRP value of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ in the death group were significantly higher than that in the survival group(P<0.001), and the mean PA value of stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in the survival group were significantly lower than that in the survival group(P<0.001). In the death group, the mean CRP value of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis patients was higher than that of stage Ⅰ and Ⅲ pneumoconiosis patients, and the mean PA value of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis patients was lower than that of stage Ⅰ and Ⅲ pneumoconiosis patientst (P<0.05). In the survival group, the mean CRP value of patients with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis was higher than that of patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the mean PA value was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The mortality rates of pneumoconiosis patients with different CRP/PA values were compared, and the mortality rates of patients with CRP/PA values of >0~0.25,>0.25~1.0 and >1.0 were statistically significant(P<0.05). CRP/PA value of death group was （1.09±1.88）higher than that of survival group（0.29+0.25）（P<0.05）. Conclusion: With the increase of CRP/PA value, the mortality rate of patients with pneumoconiosis increase significantly. CRP, PA and CRP/PA value could be used as indicators to evaluate the degree of inflammation and prognosis of patients with pneumoconiosis. This is the first study to observe the dynamic changes of CRP and PA levels in patients with pneumoconiosis.
  • Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients with Surgical Site Infection after Cholecystectomy
    NING Mei, GAO Hong-jun
    2021, 18(10): 1456-1460. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-013
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    Objective: To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with surgical site infection after cholecystectomy. Methods: 1 012 patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the Luohe sixth people 's hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects. Secretions from the surgical incision site were collected and sent for examination. Bacteria isolation and culture, strain identification and drug sensitivity test were performed to analyze the distribution and drug resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria of surgical site infection. Results: The infection rate of 1 012 patients after cholecystectomy was 9.09%, in which the infection rate of superficial surgery incision was 69.57%, and the deep surgery incision was 30.43%. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). 92 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the samples of infected patients, including 47 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(51.09%), 34 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(36.96%) and 11 strains of other strains(11.96%). In Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion, and Escherichia coli had the lowest drug resistance rate to imipenem and Meropenem, both of which were 5.56%. Klebsiella pneumoniae did not develop drug resistance to meropenem, but the drug resistance rate to imipenem was 11.76%. Hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Epidermis staphylococcus aureus were the most common Gram-positive bacteria. Hemolytic streptococcus did not develop resistance to rina thiazole amine, and its' drug resistance rate to vancomycin and teicoplanin were low(both were 16.67%). Staphylococcus aureus showed no resistance to rina thiazole amine, and it showed low resistance to vancomycin(5.26%). Staphylococcus epidermis did not develop resistance to linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Conclusion: Pathogenic bacteria monitoring of patients after cholecystectomy should be strengthened, and antibacterials should be rationally selected based on the results of drug sensitivity test, so as to prevent and control infection to promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients.
  • Analysis of Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in 62 Children with Severe Hand-foot-mouth Disease Complicated with Bacterial Infection
    XIA Liang-xian, QIAO Yu-lin
    2021, 18(10): 1460-1463. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-014
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    Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) complicated with bacterial infection, and provide reference for clinical rational drug usage. Methods: The medical records of 62 cases of severe HFMD complicated with bacterial infection admitted to the hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected. Bacterial culture, identification and drug sensitivity test results of sputum samples of the children were analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance characteristics of different pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Results: 66 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the samples of 62 children, including 45 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (68.18%) and 21 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (31.82%). The TOP 3 pathogens were Escherichia coli (27.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.18%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.12%). The number of strains producing ultra-broad spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) and cephalosporinase C (Amp C) were more than those producing ESBLs or Amp C. Drug sensitivity test results showed that the drug resistance rates of EScherichia coli to piperacillin and tobramycin were higher than 72%, the drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to tobramycin and gentamicin were higher than 65%, and the drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftazidime and piperacillin were higher than 60%. Conclusion: The pathogenic bacteria associated with bacterial infection in children with severe HFMD were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and their drug resistance to different antibacterials were different. For children with HFMD, the rational selection of antibacterial agents should be based on the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria to cooperate with antiviral therapy.
  • Analysis of Related Factors of Adverse Drug Reactions in 338 Elderly Patients in a Hospital
    FENG Qiang, CHEN Huo-shu, XU Qian
    2021, 18(10): 1539-1542. https://doi.org/10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2021.10-038
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    Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly patients in a hospita, and provide reference for drug safety of elderly patients. Methods: A total of 338 ADRs reports involving elderly patients were selected from the hospital's active monitoring and reporting of ADR reports to the monitoring system of National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 2018 to 2020. The types, age and gender distribution of ADRs, types of drugs involved, route of administration, organs (or) systems involved in ADRs, clinical outcomes and other factors were analyzed to find out the occurrence regularity and characteristics of ADRs. Results: In 338 ADRs reports involving elderly patients, the proportion of males was slightly higher than that of females, whose age was mainly concentrated in patients aged 60 to 70 years old, and the drugs involved were mainly anti-infecting drugs (mostly quinolones). Intravenous administration accounted for 50.59% of all ADRs reports, and the most common organs involved were hepatobiliary system and digestive system. Conclusion: Clinical attention should be paid to the use of intravenous medication and anti-infective drugs in elderly patients, and the laboratory indicators of elderly patients should be paid close attention to, and ADRs monitoring should be timely in elderly patients after medication to ensure the safety of medication.